Pathophysiology-Pharmacology Practice Exam 2025 – The All-in-One Guide to Mastering Pathopharm!

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) provides nutritional support intravenously and is often used when a patient cannot receive nutrients through the gastrointestinal tract. One of the common complications associated with TPN is hyperglycemia. This occurs because the formula used in TPN contains high concentrations of glucose, which can lead to elevated blood sugar levels, especially in patients who may have impaired glucose metabolism.

When TPN solutions are initiated, particularly in those with existing insulin resistance or diabetes, the introduction of significant amounts of dextrose can cause stress on the body to manage glucose levels effectively. The hyperglycemia can result in various complications, including increased risk of infections, altered metabolic state, and poor wound healing.

Correct management of TPN requires careful monitoring of blood glucose levels, and adjustments in insulin dosages or composition of the TPN solution may be necessary to prevent hyperglycemia. Regular checks ensure that any significant increases in blood sugar can be addressed promptly, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged hyperglycemia.

In contrast, while hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, and obesity can occur in patients receiving nutritional support, they are not as commonly linked to the administration of TPN as hyperglycemia is. Hypoglycemia might develop if